Agencies non Legislatively

Question: Describe about a Report for Agencies non Legislatively. Answer: Introduction The Administrative Procedure Act (APA) applying to every agency provides a general procedure for making diverse styles of rulemaking. The details provided in the APA are uncommonly used procedures for making formal rules and pose little help in informal rulemaking as well. Under this a large majority of agency rules are passed. Such a report also offers an overview of legal methodologies that are used by agencies that might circulate different types of rules including formal, informal, hybrid, direct final and negotiated rulemaking (Burrows, 2011). Role That Agency Rulemaking Plays In Regulating Society The agencies get their power for issuing regulations from statutes or laws proposed by the Congress. In certain scenarios, the President might entrust other existing Presidential authorities to an agency. Typically, when the Congress passes a law towards creating an agency it also grants that agency an authority to regulate certain activities within the society. The agency can get the instruction to solve specific problems or achieve a particular goal. Agencies, in general do not take actions that are beyond their statutory authorities or violates the Constitution. A public process is followed in rulemaking. This is the APA Act includes publishing of a statement for rulemaking authority in the Federal Register for final results (Anonymous, 2010) Every year, Agencies formulate a large number of laws and rules for the betterment of the society, for consumer protection, to protect their rights and ensure safety of the public. Majority of these rules demand a high amount of costs from the account of the government. However, agencies continue to formulate laws that prove to have a significant impact on the society as a whole. The quality and authenticity of the laws or rules prove the outcome of the society and quality decisions are seen to promote the overall welfare of the people (Mendelson, et. al. 2008). Steps in Formal Rulemaking and their Integration How regulatory law and orders are executed calls for an understanding of how agencies does the formal rulemaking process. The work of agencies is not limited to only make rules. They help drafting bills and recommending legislations to the Congress. Some simple steps taken by agencies for formal rulemaking include gathering information, regulatory planning, writing rules, publication in federal register, notice and comment periods, review comments and publication. The next step is to integrate and making sure that the rules created works. The work of the agencies does not end with the publication of the final rules made. Rather the administration now makes sure the rule is implemented for fulfilling purposes of any statutory mission. The three documentations that are mandatory while integrating the rules that are formulated includes guidance documents, enforcements and inspections and program management (Samuel, 2004). Differences between Formal and Other Forms Of Rulemaking Rulemaking are of three major kinds. To understand how different they are from each other we will understand them individually.As per the Administrative Procedure Act the term rulemaking is the agency procedure for the formulation, amendment or reapealing of any rule. A rule in general means either a partial or a complete portion of an agency statement of a specific or a general applicability and which has an effect when implemented (Hamline, 2015). Informal Rulemaking can also be termed as informal notices or comments made by agencies promulgating certain rules of the legislation or certain rules made by the Congress or a delegatory authority Such an authority is ruled by the informal rulemaking procedures (Garvey Burrows, 2011). Under 553, an agency is supposed to provide all adequate notice of a rule proposed to the public. This can be done typically by notifying it as a publication medium on the Federal Register (Anonymous,2016). Formal rulemaking is subjected to formal processes of rulemaking. It is like a trial process where agencies presents their cases and those cases are subjected to cross examinations. Entire proceedings of such legal nature are presided over an administrative official, judge or lawyer. Here these legal authorities have the power for issuing oaths and subpoenas. The agencies are required to submit a formal process where the Congress can proceed as Per the rules formed formally. Hybrid rulemaking as the name suggests is a hybrid of formal and informal rulemaking styles. Such a rulemaking statute needs additional procedures by the agency. They can fall short by the formal process of rulemaking. Like all other methods this is formulated and directed by the Congress. Defining Exempted Rules There are a number of exceptions that has been curved out by the APA for the informal rulemaking procedural requirement of the statute. These come under exempted rules. Exemptions are used by agencies for avoiding hybrid rulemaking processes. Moreover, the parties affected are apt to challenge such exempted rulemakings for invalidating the rules or for participating in the rulemaking process (Fraser, 2010) One example can be given of that of State tax rules exemption. The Department of Diplomatic tax Exemption Program in US requires the mitigation of all obligations under Article 34 of the Vienna Convention on Diplomatic Relations and the Article 49 of the Vienna Convention on Consular Relations and also many treaties and agreements. Still some exemptions are given for the State, local sales, occupancy and similar tax charges for the consumers. (Anonymous) A second example can be given about the Homestead Exemption Rules and Regulations. Homestead exemption is a facility which is offered for eligible taxpayers in the State of Mississippi. It is not something which is granted autonomously. But it is true that the application of every taxpayer must be qualified for this exemption. A third and last example can be given about VAT exemption. Basically a supply of goods or services if there is no VAT applied on it can be termed as exempted supplies. This can be at the final stage when goods are delivered to the customer or at an intermediate stage of business operations. The supplies which come under this exemption are activities of public interests. These can be medical care, social services or education and many more. For financial or insurance sector such services can also be related to the supply of land or buildings. Conclusion Agencies non legislatively make pronouncements. As per current state of law, for procedural reviews leaves parties affected with uncertainty whether the rules are substantive or interpretive. When such a challenge of procedural nature opts for the court, it is hard time to determine whether the rule been the intention of the agency forced by law. References Anonymous, (2010), A Guide to the Rulemaking Process. Anonymous, (2016), Federal Administrative Law Burrows, V. (2011), Brief Overview of Rulemaking and Judicial Review. Garvey, T., Burrows, V. (2011), A Brief Overview of Rulemaking and Judicial Review Hamline, M. (2015), Types of Rulemaking Proceedings. Mendelson, C., Kilmartin, H. Coglianese, C. (2008). Transparency and Public Participation in the Rulemaking Process. A Nonpartisan Presidential Transition Task Force Report. Samuel, J. (2004), Background on the Rulemaking Process. Anonymous, State Tax Exemption Rules and Regulations: U.S Department of State Fraser, T. (2010), Interpretive Rules: Can the Amount of Deference Accorded them Offer Insight into the Procedural Inquiry?